Essential topics for IELTS, PTE, TOEFL speaking and writing

All essential topics for IELTS, PTE, and TOEFL exams with relevant descriptions, examples, expressions, collocations, pros and cons, causes, and effects of all topics in one ebook. If you are determined to receive a high mark on these exams, you should get to know the essential and popular topics on which questions are based. Each topic also consists of all the related expressions and collocations.

27 essential topics for IELTS, PTE, TOEFL exams

All essential topics for IELTS, PTE, TOEFL speaking and writing parts

A collection of essential topics for popular exams with descriptions, examples, expressions, pros and cons, causes and effects

Topics:

1. Agriculture
2. Air pollution
3. City life and rural life
4. Crime / Punishment
5. Culture
6. Climate change / global warming
7. Environment
8. Education and illiteracy
9. Endangered species / wildlife :
10. Family / Parents
11. Fashion / Appearance
12. Food / Diet
13. Globalization / Economy
14. Government / Politics
15. Health / Medical care
16. Immigration / Emigration
17. job / Business
18. Life / Happiness
19. Law and order
20. Renewable / non-renewable Energy
21. Shopping / Sales and marketing
22. Sport / Exercise (workout)
23. Society / Human rights
24. Technology / The internet
25. Tourist industry / Archaeology
26. Traffic jam / Public transportation
27. The mass media / video games

Advertising / brands:

Pros of Advertising:

Heightening (increasing) competition among companies (lowering prices, raising customer services)

Introducing new products and services to the market

Raising people’s awareness of new products and services

Making intelligent choices

Cons:

Making unreal needs

Giving people unrealistic expectations

Using tricks and catchy (memorable) slogans to promote sales

Samples:

We are surrounded by marketing stimuli (cause reaction, growth) in the form of advertisements for our attention and money.

Related expressions and collocations:

Sales promotion: an activity done to increase the sale of a product (reducing its price or advertising it)

Advertising Slogan: motto

Classified advertisement / a TV advert (ad)

Point-of-sale advertising: advertising for products in stores  

An advertising campaign / a marketing campaign: a series of actions intended to achieve sth

Word-of-mouth advertising / by word of mouth: the process of telling people about a product or service you know

Product placement: a form of advertising in which a product to be appeared in a film or on a TV program

Publicity stunt (c): sth unusual that is done to only attract people

Media hype (u): a situation in which sth is advertised and discussed in the media to attract people

Commercial break (c): a short interruption of a television program to broadcast advertisements

Celebrity endorsement: to have a well-known person promote a product

Corporate image – identity // Brand image – loyalty

Corporate (adj): belonging to or relating to a corporation

Company’s reputation / prestige / image

Gain popularity, credibility, loyalty

Dwell time (uc): how long people are likely to spend looking at an advertisement, buying goods

Agriculture / farming:

Types of agriculture:

Commercial agriculture (intensive and extensive)

Subsistence farming (family or local needs)

Development of Agriculture:

Raising farmers’ awareness about sustainable agriculture (causing a little damage to the environment)

Increasing efficiency using advanced methods and equipment

Providing efficient irrigation systems

Setting fair standards of living for the farmer

Offering financial supports and loans

Cutting out the middleman and providing local market

Drought and lack of water:

Solution:

Developing sustainable agriculture

Providing efficient irrigation networks

Specifying every part of a country to cultivate only specific crops based on their natural resources or capacity

Preventing desertification (the process by which land changes into the desert)

Samples:

Agriculture plays an important role in the national economy of a country.

Agriculture forms the backbone of the rural economy.

It contributes to the GDP (gross domestic product) of countries.

Related expressions and collocations:

Vegetation: plants

Flora and fauna: plants and animals (creatures)

Living things

Industrial / Sustainable agriculture

Organic farming

Artificial fertilizer / Pesticide

Soil erosion / degradation

Overharvesting

Fairtrade: the activity of buying and selling goods in a way that is morally right

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